There was just a story about a group of surrendering Russian soldiers getting shelled by Russian artillery. It isn’t 100% clear that it was intentional, but its hard to not envision it as a throwback to the Soviet penal legions of old.
I’m sure by now they have figured out (or rediscovered, more likely) tactics to minimize the risk of their conscripts folding, sadly.
They’re modern in the sense that they have a modern manufacturing and computer sciences base…which they leverage to develop advanced weapons and mass surveillance tech for themselves and their benefactors, namely the US.